Wednesday, October 29, 2008

The current economic crisis

“Crisis” is clearly not a pleasant word and when it is connected with the economy it surely isn’t too pleasant. But that is exactly what has happened world over as the economic crisis is stealing the lime light in the news, constantly making it to the headlines.


A crisis, be it economic or otherwise can never be attributed to one incident or event, instead occurs due to a chain of events, if not a cycle. But it could be averted by all means given those concerned parties are ready to address the issue, jointly.


From the dawn of the new millennium the globe experienced a sharp increase in essential commodities. Economists attribute this increase to various factors including changing weather patterns, rise of production cost and escalating wars. The situation began to change from bad to worse as several countries began to print money to cover up their expenses. This increased the inflation in almost all countries in the world. The crude oil prices then hit a record high of 147 dollars a barrel and as a result, transportation costs sky rocketed across the states.


The cycle kept on getting worse and the cost of commodities kept rising while the salaries of the average man remained the same, mainly because the companies were trying to deal with rising production costs. Organizations were also compelled to get rid of many of their employees as they could no longer afford them, resulting unemployment to hit the ceiling. This prompted many to obtain financial loans and those who had already obtained loans and mortgages could no longer pay their installments. On the other hand banks were a little bit greedy, so they were lending money even to those with low credit rating. Then, those with the low credit rates stopped to pay their debts. Banks had to start selling houses, and collect insurance. The result of selling houses was the decrease of real estate prices (about 15-20% in last 12 months). The result of collecting insurance was bankruptcy of great insurance companies. This left the leading banks in deep trouble as they faced a crisis of liquid cash and deposits. By then everything had blown out of proportion.


Dubbed the super power of the world, even the United States did not go untouched by this crisis. In fact, it is where this whole menace initiated. The situation aggravated as the dollar weakened day by day mainly due to US dependence on imports. Thus, leading banks began to shut down, the Dow Jones and Wall Street stocks came down sharply. It was only the beginning of the crisis as markets across the continents hit the downward trend. For an example, Iceland which was once considered as one of the wealthiest nations could not bear the heat on its own. It was thus prompted to seek the assistance of the International Monetary Fund to support its banking system. Over in the Middle East, Saudi Arabia pumped in 3 billion dollars to its economy to improve the liquidity in the market and even went on to cut its benchmark interest rates. Even China which boasts of the world’s fastest growing economy could not stand still as they quickly took measures to cut rates, amidst the crisis. But the biggest bailout plan is however being proposed by the US, a staggering 700 billion dollars.


How will it affect the average Joe is the next big question. Well, your savings will be at risk. Your job might be at risk. The prices of commodities will increase. As a result you will have less buying power. Since the shares are tumbling and companies keep losing, the dividends you are expecting at the end of the financial year might end up in a dream. Mortgages and other credits will be more expensive. Therefore cut the frills and stick to the basics, as that is the order of the day. If you have cash, this might be a good moment for buying stocks.


The whole crisis will not end any time sooner, but for the world to see light at the end of the tunnel all global leaders will have to reach a consensus to bail out of the situation, united. But an exact date could not be predicted as many say we have still seen only the tip of the iceberg.

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Monday, October 27, 2008

What is Current Ratio?

Current ratio is one of the many financial ratios used for measuring the financial stability of companies. The main indication of this ratio is whether the company has enough resources (assets) to pay its liabilities over the next twelve months.

This ratio measures the company’s ability to pay back its short term liabilities with its short term assets. The current ratio is calculated as;

Current Ratio = Current Assets/Current Liabilities


Therefore, higher the current ratio, a company is more capable of paying off its liabilities. As an example, the company ‘ABC’ has current assets of $50,000 and it has current liabilities of $25,000. Then ABC’s current ratio will be 2 and it means that for every dollar the company owes, it has $2 available in current assets.


A decline in current ratios warns against increase in short term debts or decrease in assets. This is something that investors need to be aware of. Regardless of any other issue, a declined trend of current ratio means a reduced ability to generate cash.


If a company looks forward to its IPO (Initial Public Offering), many State Securities Bureaus in the US will require that the company has a current ratio of 2 or more. So what does this current ratio say to investors who are looking to buy shares? If you are planning to invest on shares, current ratio and its trend for at least one year needs to be analyzed. If the current ratio has been steady for all this time and now it is going down, that may indicate a recent problem of the firm or some economical impact resulting from share market collapse.


If the current ratio is declining for the past one year, then that company may have a permanent problem such as a bad marketing strategy or bad management. Investors need to be very careful with a company with such trends as it is a clear sign of declination. Therefore, it is best for all investors to always look at a steady or increasing current ratio before investing their money.

Monday, October 20, 2008

What is Quick Ratio?

Imagine a scenario where you invest all your money on a company and all of a sudden the company collapses. In an incident like this, only recovery for you will be the funds you will get after liquidizing the company. That is of course only if any money is left for share holders after the company is liquidized.

What can you do to avoid such a situation? You need to know whether the company that you are planning to invest has enough money and assets from which you can recover your money at the time of liquidation. Then there comes the important question; is there any index that shows liquidity of the company?

Yes, ‘Quick Ratio’ is the indicator used for identifying the liquidity of any company. This ratio is calculated by taking the sum of current assets and accounts receivable, and then dividing it by current liabilities. This method specifically excludes the inventory.

Usually, a quick ratio of 1 or higher is healthy for a company and it indicates that the company does not have to rely on the sale of the inventory to pay the bills. If the quick ratio is lower than 1, that means the company is in trouble and probably the new investors should keep away.

The formula for quick ratio is:

Quick Ration = (Accounts Receivable + Cash Equivalents + Cash)/(Accruals + Accounts Payable + Notes Payable)


There are also a few exceptions when it comes to quick ratio. As we understood, quick ratio indicates the liquidity of the company. But there are cases in which quick ratio does not give you the correct picture. Imagine a company with no bills due today, but having a lot of bills to be paid tomorrow. If you calculate the quick ratio today, the figure will show as having a good liquidity. But in reality, this company cannot be considered as having a good liquidity because of it’s uncounted liabilities that are pending.

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Monday, October 13, 2008

What is Return on Assets?

As the name suggests, this measurement is all about the return the company got over its assets. It is basically for measuring how good the company does with the assets it has got. This can also be interpreted as how many dollars of earning the company derives from each dollar of assets the company posses. This measurement comes in handy when comparing business organizations in the same industry.

Usually this ratio varies across the industries as they have their own limitations. The businesses with low margins such as consumer products will carry a lower ratio while businesses such as software will record higher ratio. The businesses that need a high capital investment also will have a lower ROA ratio. This ratio is calculated as below:

ROA = Net Income / Total Assets

If you are an investor, ROA gives you an idea of how profitable a company is compared with the companies of the same industry. When calculating the value of total assets, the valuation is done using the carrying value of the assets. Sometimes, the carrying value of assets does not tally with the market value and may produce a defective return on asset ratio. Investors need be careful in a condition like this.

Return on assets is commonly used for comparing the performance of financial institutions because majority of their assets will have carrying value close to the market value.

Return on assets ratio cannot be used for comparing companies across industries as mentioned above. If cross industry comparison is required, then there are other ratios to consider. If you are looking at investing, you should look for the best return on assets among the similar companies and settle on the winner!

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